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Roughcast or pebbledash is a coarse plaster surface used on outside walls that consists of lime and sometimes cement mixed with sand, small gravel and often pebbles or shells. [1] The materials are mixed into a slurry and are then thrown at the working surface with a trowel or scoop.
Lime mortar or torching [1] [2] is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar, used in ancient Rome and Greece , when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction.
Lime plaster is a type of plaster composed of sand, water, and lime, usually non-hydraulic hydrated lime (also known as slaked lime, high calcium lime or air lime). Ancient lime plaster often contained horse hair for reinforcement and pozzolan additives to reduce the working time.
Fine stuff mixed with sand is used for the setting coat. Fine stuff, or lime putty, is pure lime that has been slaked and then mixed with water to a semi-fluid consistency, and allowed to stand until it has developed into a soft paste. For use in setting it is mixed with fine washed sand in the ratio of one to three.
Cement render or cement plaster is the application of a mortar mix of sand and cement, (optionally lime) and water to brick, concrete, stone, or mud brick. It is often textured, colored, or painted after application. It is generally used on exterior walls but can be used to feature an interior wall. [1]
Plaster was first used as a building material and for decoration in the Middle East at least 7,000 years ago. In Egypt, gypsum was burned in open fires, crushed into powder, and mixed with water to create plaster, used as a mortar between the blocks of pyramids and to provide a smooth wall facing.
Sarooj is a traditional water-resistant mortar used in Iranian architecture, [1] [2] used in the construction of bridges [3] and yakhchāl, ancient Persian ice houses. [4] It is made of clay and limestone mixed in a six-to-four ratio to make a stiff mix, and kneaded for three days.
If we use 1:3 quicklime:sand and added water as my information suggests, the discrepancy between the historical findings and the putty recipe is explained: "analysis of mortar samples from historic buildings typically indicates a higher ratio of around 1 part lime to 2 part aggregate/sand was commonly used" .