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The word diarrhea is from the Ancient Greek διάρροια from διά dia "through" and ῥέω rheo "flow". Diarrhea is the spelling in American English, whereas diarrhoea is the spelling in British English. Slang terms for the condition include "the runs", "the squirts" (or "squits" in Britain [13]) and "the trots". [14] [15]
Characterized by chronic diarrhea more than one month in duration with no obvious infectious cause in an HIV-positive individual. Thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. [5] Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX syndrome, see FOXP3) Protein losing enteropathy [6]
It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use. [32] Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. [33] Acute "traveler's diarrhea" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. [34]
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease, accounting for over 50% of patients on dialysis in the United States. [32] Diabetic neuropathy , damage to nerves, manifests in various ways, including sensory loss , neuropathic pain , and autonomic dysfunction (such as postural hypotension , diarrhoea , and erectile dysfunction ...
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC or EAggEC) are a pathotype of Escherichia coli which cause acute and chronic diarrhea in both the developed and developing world. [1] [2] They may also cause urinary tract infections. [2] EAEC are defined by their "stacked-brick" pattern of adhesion to the human laryngeal epithelial cell line HEp-2. [3]
SCAD may lead to abdominal pain, especially in the left lower quadrant, intermittent rectal bleeding and chronic diarrhea. [1] The cause of SCAD is unknown, but may be related to local colonic ischemia, fecal stasis, or mucosal prolapse. The factors that cause SCAD likely overlap with inflammatory bowel disease. There are four types of SCAD ...
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Signs and symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. [16]In adults, a clinical prediction rule found the best signs to be significant diarrhea ("new onset of more than three partially formed or watery stools per 24-hour period"), recent antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever (up to 40.5 °C or 105 °F), and a distinctive foul odor to the ...