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Marine viruses are defined by their habitat as viruses that are found in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of a host organism , because they need the replication machinery of the host to ...
Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and animals, but are essential to the regulation of saltwater and freshwater ecosystems. [14] They infect and destroy bacteria in aquatic microbial communities, and are the most important mechanism of recycling carbon in the marine environment.
Marine life, sea life or ocean life is the collective ecological communities that encompass all aquatic animals, plants, algae, fungi, protists, single-celled microorganisms and associated viruses living in the saline water of marine habitats, either the sea water of marginal seas and oceans, or the brackish water of coastal wetlands, lagoons ...
Most marine viruses are bacteriophages, which are harmless to plants and animals, but are essential to the regulation of saltwater and freshwater ecosystems. [ 56 ] : 5 They infect and destroy bacteria and archaea in aquatic microbial communities, and are the most important mechanism of recycling carbon in the marine environment.
Moreover, it was not until the 1990s that marine viruses were found to have the ability to be potentially pathogenic towards marine organisms. [14] The first Diatom virus was identified and isolated, and characterized from the Ariake Sea of Japan in 2004 and was classified as Rhizosolenia setigera RNA Virus (RsRNAV). [15]
Viruses are now considered to play key roles in marine ecosystems by controlling microbial community dynamics, host metabolic status, and biogeochemical cycling via lysis of hosts. [41] [42] [44] [45] A giant marine virus CroV infects and causes the death by lysis of the marine zooflagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis. [46]
The Marburg virus, which causes bleeding from the eyes, nose, and mouth, can be fatal in up to 90% of those infected Science Photo Library/Getty Stock image of the Marburg virus.
Unlike mammals, the red blood cells of fish have DNA, and can become infected with viruses. The fish develop pale gills , and may swim close to the water surface, gulping for air. However, the disease can also develop without the fish showing any external signs of illness, the fish maintain a normal appetite, and then they suddenly die.