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Copper to lead joints may be made by wiping the lead onto the copper pipe, as for a lead-lead joint. However the Pb 80 Sn 20 solder used for wiping is poorly wetting onto copper, and so that must be tinned first, using a more tin-rich solder and an active flux.
Solder fittings are smooth and easily slip onto the end of a tubing section. The joint is then heated using a torch, and the solder is melted into the connection. When the solder cools, it forms a very strong bond that can last for decades. Solder-connected rigid copper is the most popular choice for water supply lines in modern buildings.
The welding of metals differs from soldering and brazing in that the joint is made without adding a lower-melting-point material (e.g. solder); instead, the pipe or tubing material is partially melted, and the fitting and piping are directly fused. This generally requires piping and fitting to be the same (or compatible) material.
In the hands of a skilled tradesman, the hotter flame of acetylene, MAPP, or propylene allows more joints to be completed per hour without damage to copper tempering. However, it is possible to use an electrical tool to solder joints in copper pipe sized from 8 to 22 mm (3 ⁄ 8 to 7 ⁄ 8 in).
Soldering copper pipes using a propane torch and a lead-free solder. Solder is a metallic material that is used to connect metal workpieces. The choice of specific solder alloys depends on their melting point, chemical reactivity, mechanical properties, toxicity, and other properties. Hence a wide range of solder alloys exist, and only major ...
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To obtain functional joints, the inside of the fitting and the outside of the copper pipe are cleaned using steel wool or cleaning tape, flux paste is applied, the pipe is inserted into the fitting and heat is applied from a portable butane torch or propane torch until a ring of solder shows at the edges of the fitting.
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