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The word "Gelisol" comes from the Latin gelare meaning "to freeze", a reference to the process of cryoturbation that occurs from the alternating thawing and freezing characteristic of Gelisols. In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources [1] (WRB), most Gelisols belong to the Cryosols. In soil taxonomy, Gelisols key out before the Histosols ...
Soil properties that can be measured quantitatively are used in this classification system – they include: depth, moisture, temperature, texture, structure, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, clay mineralogy, organic matter content and salt content. There are 12 soil orders (the top hierarchical level) in soil taxonomy.
Entisols are common in the paleopedological record ever since the Silurian; however, unlike other soil orders (oxisol, ultisol, gelisol, etc) they do not have value as indicators of climate. Orthents may, in some cases, be indicative of an extremely ancient landscape with very little soil formation (i.e., Australia today).
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Mollisol is a soil type which has deep, high organic matter, nutrient-enriched surface soil (), typically between 60 and 80 cm (24-31 in) in depth.This fertile surface horizon, called a mollic epipedon, is the defining diagnostic feature of Mollisols.
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Owing to their extreme climatic requirements, gelisol fossils are confined to the few periods of extensive continental glaciation - the earliest being 900 million years ago in the Neoproterozoic. However, in these periods fossil gelisols are generally abundant, notable finds coming from the Carboniferous in New South Wales .