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Biotin (also known as vitamin B 7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. [ 4 ]
Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs. The B complex vitamins function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them.
α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E.Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain, along with an aromatic ring is situated near the carbonyls in the fatty acyl chains of the ...
Is it safe to take expired vitamins? Taking expired vitamins is generally considered safe—but there’s a catch. “Usually, expired vitamins won’t harm you, but likely will lose potency.
Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins, [6] and for humans the only vitamin that must be sourced from animal-derived foods or supplements. [2] [7] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12. [8]
Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin A compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). [8] In foods, it has rich content in carrots , pumpkin , spinach , and sweet potato . [ 8 ] It is used as a dietary supplement and may be prescribed to treat erythropoietic protoporphyria , an inherited condition of sunlight sensitivity.
Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is an oxidized form of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). It is actively imported into the endoplasmic reticulum of cells via glucose transporters. [ 1 ] It is trapped therein by reduction back to ascorbic acid by glutathione and other thiols . [ 2 ]
Enjoy a classic game of Hearts and watch out for the Queen of Spades!