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  2. x86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86

    The 64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture were enabled only in the newly introduced long mode, therefore 32-bit and 16-bit applications and operating systems could simply continue using an AMD64 processor in protected or other modes, without even the slightest sacrifice of performance [48] and with full compatibility back to the original ...

  3. IA-32 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-32

    IA-32. IA-32 (short for " Intel Architecture, 32-bit ", commonly called i386[1][2]) [3] is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985. IA-32 is the first incarnation of x86 that supports 32-bit computing; [4] as a result, the "IA-32" term may be used as ...

  4. 32-bit computing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit_computing

    32. 64. 128. v. t. e. In computer architecture, 32-bit computing refers to computer systems with a processor, memory, and other major system components that operate on data in 32- bit units. [1][2] Compared to smaller bit widths, 32-bit computers can perform large calculations more efficiently and process more data per clock cycle.

  5. ARM architecture family - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture_family

    Released in 2011, the ARMv8-A architecture added support for a 64-bit address space and 64-bit arithmetic with its new 32-bit fixed-length instruction set. [13] Arm Holdings has also released a series of additional instruction sets for different rules; the "Thumb" extension adds both 32- and 16-bit instructions for improved code density , while ...

  6. i386 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I386

    The Intel 386, originally released as 80386 and later renamed i386, was the first x86 32-bit microprocessor designed by Intel. Pre-production samples of the 386 were released to select developers in 1985, while mass production commenced in 1986. The processor was a significant evolution in the x86 architecture, extending a long line of ...

  7. x86 memory segmentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_memory_segmentation

    x86 memory segmentation. The Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture has supported memory segmentation since the original Intel 8086 in 1978. It allows programs to address more than 64 KB (65,536 bytes) of memory, the limit in earlier 80xx processors. In 1982, the Intel 80286 added support for virtual memory and memory protection; the ...

  8. SPARC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARC

    The endianness of the 32-bit SPARC V8 architecture is purely big-endian. The 64-bit SPARC V9 architecture uses big-endian instructions, but can access data in either big-endian or little-endian byte order, chosen either at the application instruction (load–store) level or at the memory page level (via an MMU setting). The latter is often used ...

  9. Comparison of operating system kernels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating...

    The major contemporary general-purpose kernels are shown in comparison. Only an overview of the technical features is detailed. section below). Linux (kernel), Android, Ubuntu, CentOS, webOS, Fire OS, Firefox OS, ChromeOS, Syllable Server, Mastodon Linux, OpenBSD/Linux, Plan 9/Linux, Sailfish OS, Tizen, amongst others.