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A chmod command first appeared in AT&T Unix version 1, along with the chmod system call. As systems grew in number and types of users, access-control lists [3] were added to many file systems in addition to these most basic modes to increase flexibility. The version of chmod bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David MacKenzie and Jim ...
The setuid and setgid flags have different effects, depending on whether they are applied to a file, to a directory or binary executable or non-binary executable file. The setuid and setgid flags have an effect only on binary executable files and not on scripts (e.g., Bash, Perl, Python). [3]
In this example, /usr/bin/env is the full path of the env command. The environment is not altered. Note that it is possible to specify the interpreter without using env, by giving the full path of the python interpreter. A problem with that approach is that on different computer systems, the exact path may be different.
Make's dependency ordering and out-of-date checking makes the build process more robust and more efficient. The makefile allowed for better organization of build logic and often fewer build files. Make is widely used in part due to its early inclusion in Unix, starting with PWB/UNIX 1.0, which featured a variety of software development tools. [3]
Run command with specified security context seq: Prints a sequence of numbers sleep: Delays for a specified amount of time stat: Returns data about an inode: stdbuf: Controls buffering for commands that use stdio stty: Changes and prints terminal line settings tee: Sends output to multiple files test: Evaluates an expression timeout: Run a ...
Any user may create a sticky directory. See chmod(1) for details about modifying file modes. Historically, an executable shareable file which had the sticky bit set was not immediately discarded from swap space after execution. The kernel hoarded the text segment of the file for future reuse, thus avoiding having to reload the program.
In Linux, the file specified by interpreter can be executed if it has the execute rights and is one of the following: a native executable, such as an ELF binary; any kind of file for which an interpreter was registered via the binfmt_misc mechanism (such as for executing Microsoft .exe binaries using wine) another script starting with a shebang
The mask is generally only applied to functions that create a new file; however, there are exceptions. For example, when using UNIX and GNU versions of chmod to set the permissions of a file, and symbolic notation is used, and no user is specified, then the mask is applied to the requested permissions before they are applied to the file. For ...