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A formal ontology is a great crossmapping hub only if a complete distinction between the content and structure of the external information sources and the formal ontology itself is maintained. This is possible by specifying a mapping relation between concepts from a chaotic external information source and a concept in the formal ontology that ...
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a top-level ontology developed by Barry Smith and his associates for the purposes of promoting interoperability among domain ontologies built in its terms through a process of downward population. A guide to building BFO-conformant domain ontologies was published by MIT Press in 2015.
Basic Formal Ontology, [38] a formal upper ontology designed to support scientific research; BioPAX, [39] an ontology for the exchange and interoperability of biological pathway (cellular processes) data; BMO, [40] an e-Business Model Ontology based on a review of enterprise ontologies and business model literature
The General Formal Ontology (GFO) is an upper ontology integrating processes and objects. [1] GFO has been developed by Heinrich Herre, Barbara Heller and collaborators (research group Onto-Med) in Leipzig. Although GFO provides one taxonomic tree, different axiom systems may be chosen for its modules.
In information science, formal concept analysis (FCA) is a principled way of deriving a concept hierarchy or formal ontology from a collection of objects and their properties. Each concept in the hierarchy represents the objects sharing some set of properties; and each sub-concept in the hierarchy represents a subset of the objects (as well as ...
Basic Formal Ontology, for example (see below), has no native term for information entities such as sentences or data items or publications. These terms are however supplied by the BFO-conformant Information Artifact Ontology (IAO).
From 2016 he served as editor of international standard ISO/IEC 21838: Top Level Ontologies, Parts 1 and 2, which were published by ISO in 2021. Part 1 [13] specifies the requirements for being a top-level (which means: domain-neutral) ontology. Part 2 [14] is devoted to Basic Formal Ontology (BFO).
In formal extensional ontologies, only the utterances of words and numbers are considered individuals – the numbers and names themselves are classes. In a 4D ontology, an individual is identified by its spatio-temporal extent. Examples of formal extensional ontologies are BORO, ISO 15926 and the model in development by the IDEAS Group.