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In children, the most common cause is a stroke of the ventral pons. [9]Unlike persistent vegetative state, in which the upper portions of the brain are damaged and the lower portions are spared, locked-in syndrome is essentially the opposite, caused by damage to specific portions of the lower brain and brainstem, with no damage to the upper brain.
Aneurysm of the basilar artery and the vertebral arteries: Specialty: Interventional neuroradiology, neurosurgery, neurology Symptoms: None, severe headache, visual problems, nausea and vomiting, confusion [1] Usual onset: 30–60 years old: Causes: Hypertension, infection, head trauma [2] Risk factors: old age, family history, smoking ...
As a result, symptoms vary widely depending which brain region is predominantly affected. The term 'vertebrobasilar insufficiency' may be used to describe disease in the vertebral and basilar arteries which predisposes to acute embolic events such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and stroke. [2]
Cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is the pathologic process that results in an area of necrotic tissue in the brain (cerebral infarct). [1] In mid to high income countries, a stroke is the main reason for disability among people and the 2nd cause of death. [2]
Weber's syndrome, also known as midbrain stroke syndrome or superior alternating hemiplegia, is a form of stroke that affects the medial portion of the midbrain. It involves oculomotor fascicles in the interpeduncular cisterns and cerebral peduncle so it characterizes the presence of an ipsilateral lower motor neuron type oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia.
A stroke may result in coma or death if it involves key areas of the brain. [14] Other symptoms of cerebrovascular disease include migraines, seizures, epilepsy, or cognitive decline. However, cerebrovascular disease may go undetected for years until an acute stroke occurs.
The basilar artery (U.K.: / ˈ b æ z. ɪ. l ə /; [1] [2] U.S.: / ˈ b æ s. ə. l ər / [3]) is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.. The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are known as the vertebral basilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of the circle of Willis and joins with blood supplied to the anterior part of the circle of ...
Downward herniation can stretch branches of the basilar artery (pontine arteries), causing them to tear and bleed, known as a Duret hemorrhage. The result is usually fatal. [ 11 ] Other symptoms of this type of herniation include small, fixed pupils with [ 12 ] paralysis of upward eye movement giving the characteristic appearance of "sunset eyes".