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The Chicano Movement, also referred to as El Movimiento (Spanish for "the Movement"), was a social and political movement in the United States that worked to embrace a Chicano/a identity and worldview that combated structural racism, encouraged cultural revitalization, and achieved community empowerment by rejecting assimilation.
The Chicano movement of the 1960s, also known as El Movimiento, was a movement based on Mexican-American empowerment. [11] It was based in ideas of community organization, nationalism in the form of cultural affirmation, and it also placed symbolic importance on ancestral ties to Meso-America.
Chicano (masculine form) or Chicana (feminine form) is an ethnic identity for Mexican Americans that emerged from the Chicano Movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Chicano was originally a classist and racist slur used toward low-income Mexicans that was reclaimed in the 1940s among youth who belonged to the Pachuco and Pachuca subculture.
This was the first large scale gathering of Chicano/a youth to discuss issues of oppression, discrimination, and injustice. Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales and the Crusade for Justice were the main organizers, and they drafted and presented "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan" at the conference, which played a major part in the national Chicano movement.
The group worked giving support for the Chicano movement on issues such as educational reform, farm worker rights, police brutality, and the Vietnam War. [2] In March 1968, after school districts in the East Los Angeles area were noted as being "run down campuses, with lack of college prep courses, and teachers who were poorly trained ...
The Brown Berets (Spanish: Los Boinas Cafés) is a pro-Chicano paramilitary organization that emerged during the Chicano Movement in the late 1960s. [2] [3] David Sanchez and Carlos Montes co-founded the group modeled after the Black Panther Party.
Chicano nationalism allowed Chicanos to define themselves as a group on their own terms, and was a determination on their part to mold their own destiny. It is rooted in the Aztec creation myth of Aztlán , a "northerly place".
Herman Baca became active at the peak of the Chicano Civil Rights Movement.In 1968, Baca volunteered as a block captain for Richard Nixon's presidential campaign. That same year, frustrated by the lack of political representation of Chicanos, Baca was drawn into the Mexican American Political Association, which at the time was focused on registering Mexican Americans to vote and educating ...