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In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the duplication matrix and the elimination matrix are linear transformations used for transforming half-vectorizations of matrices into vectorizations or (respectively) vice versa.
In Python NumPy arrays implement the flatten method, [note 1] while in R the desired effect can be achieved via the c() or as.vector() functions. In R , function vec() of package 'ks' allows vectorization and function vech() implemented in both packages 'ks' and 'sn' allows half-vectorization.
Animation of Gaussian elimination. Red row eliminates the following rows, green rows change their order. In mathematics, Gaussian elimination, also known as row reduction, is an algorithm for solving systems of linear equations. It consists of a sequence of row-wise operations performed on the corresponding matrix of coefficients.
For a (not necessarily invertible) matrix over any field, the exact necessary and sufficient conditions under which it has an LU factorization are known. The conditions are expressed in terms of the ranks of certain submatrices. The Gaussian elimination algorithm for obtaining LU decomposition has also been extended to this most general case. [11]
Matrix P represents any row interchanges carried out in the process of Gaussian elimination. If Gaussian elimination produces the row echelon form without requiring any row interchanges, then P = I , so an LU decomposition exists.
During execution of the Bareiss algorithm, every integer that is computed is the determinant of a submatrix of the input matrix. This allows, using the Hadamard inequality, to bound the size of these integers. Otherwise, the Bareiss algorithm may be viewed as a variant of Gaussian elimination and needs roughly the same number of arithmetic ...
In Terminal 4 at Los Angeles International Airport, a TSA officer flagged a carry-on bag with 82 consumer-grade fireworks, three knives, two replica firearms and a canister of pepper spray.
and it allows to polynomial-time reduce the computation of the permanent of an n×n-matrix with a subset of k or k − 1 rows expressible as linear combinations of another (disjoint) subset of k rows to the computation of the permanent of an (n − k)×(n − k)- or (n − k + 1)×(n − k + 1)-matrix correspondingly, hence having introduced a ...