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Timeline of the Holocaust – The genocide of Jewish people by Nazi Germany, under the rule of Adolf Hitler Notes ^ Commenting on Gerlach, Christopher Browning writes: "What he interprets as Hitler's basic decision, I see as an official initiation of party leaders to a decision taken several months earlier."
The Holocaust (/ ˈ h ɒ l ə k ɔː s t / ⓘ, US also / ˈ h oʊ l ə-/), [1] known in Hebrew as the Shoah (שואה), was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.
The Nazi Party forms the Sturmabteilung (SA) under the Division for Propaganda and Sports. [7] 20 April 1923 The first issue of Der Stürmer, a highly anti-Semitic tabloid-format newspaper published by Julius Streicher, is released. [16] 8 November 1923 Inspired by the March on Rome, Hitler organizes the Beer Hall Putsch, an attempted coup d'état.
Between 4 and 8 May 1945, most of the remaining German armed forces unconditionally surrendered. The German Instrument of Surrender was signed 8 May, marking the end of the Nazi regime and the end of World War II in Europe. [147] Popular support for Hitler almost completely disappeared as the war drew to a close. [148]
Overall, of the 522,000 Jews living in Germany in January 1933, approximately 304,000 emigrated during the first six years of Nazi rule and about 214,000 were left on the eve of World War II. Of these, 160,000–180,000 were killed as a part of the Holocaust. Those that remained in Germany went into hiding and did everything they could to survive.
Prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp after their liberation by the Red Army, January 1945. On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive.
This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins, their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation, were murdered by the Nazi regime. It includes those murdered in the Holocaust , as well as individuals otherwise killed by the Nazis before and during World War II.
Hitler halted the main euthanasia program on 24 August 1941, although less-systematic murder of disabled people continued. [195] Techniques learnt in the euthanasia programme were later used in the Holocaust. [196] Pius XII issued his Mystici corporis Christi encyclical in 1943, condemning the murder of disabled people. The encyclical was ...