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MacPorts installs software on top of the operating system, providing newer versions of pre-installed packages or software that is not included in macOS. This is in contrast to other package management systems, such as APT and DNF, that are part of the operating system. For this reason, MacPorts is sometimes known as an overlay distribution.
Fink can be used to install newer versions of packages installed by macOS or to install packages not included in macOS by Apple edict. Fink stores all its data in the directory /opt/sw for newer macOS releases and /sw for macOS 10.14 and earlier [ 3 ] (although this can be changed if initially compiling fink itself from source code).
Package metadata include package description, package version, and dependencies (other packages that need to be installed beforehand). Package managers are charged with the task of finding, installing, maintaining or uninstalling software packages upon the user's command. Typical functions of a package management system include:
NuGet: A Microsoft-official free and open-source package manager for Windows, available as a plugin for Visual Studio, and extendable from the command-line; Pacman: MSYS2-ported Windows version of the Arch Linux package manager; Scoop Package Manager: free and open-source package manager for Windows
Portage is a package management system originally created for and used by Gentoo Linux and also by ChromeOS, Calculate, and Funtoo Linux among others. Portage is based on the concept of ports collections. Gentoo is sometimes referred to as a meta-distribution due to the extreme flexibility of Portage, which makes it operating-system-independent.
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In January 2010, a package manager was introduced for the Node.js environment called npm. [18] The package manager allows programmers to publish and share Node.js packages, along with the accompanying source code, and is designed to simplify the installation, update and uninstallation of packages. [17]
A typical use of a package management system is to facilitate the integration of code from possibly different sources into a coherent stand-alone operating unit. Thus, a package management system might be used to produce a distribution of Linux , possibly a distribution tailored to a specific restricted application.