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Strabismus, sometimes also incorrectly called lazy eye, is a condition in which the eyes are misaligned. [16] Strabismus usually results in normal vision in the preferred sighting (or "fellow") eye (the eye that the person prefers to use), but may cause abnormal vision in the deviating or strabismic eye due to the difference between the images ...
If a great difference in clarity occurs between the images from the right and left eyes, input may be insufficient to correctly reposition the eyes. Other causes of a visual difference between right and left eyes, such as asymmetrical cataracts, refractive error, or other eye disease, can also cause or worsen strabismus. [27] [page needed]
Orthoptics has a long history in supporting ophthalmic care. French ophthalmologist Louis Emile Javal began using ocular exercises to treat strabismus (squint) and described the practice of orthoptics in his writings in the late 19th century. Mary Maddox pioneered the orthoptic profession and was the first documented orthoptist.
The management of strabismus may include the use of drugs or surgery to correct the strabismus.Agents used include paralytic agents such as botox used on extraocular muscles, [1] topical autonomic nervous system agents to alter the refractive index in the eyes, and agents that act in the central nervous system to correct amblyopia.
Young children with strabismus normally suppress the visual field of one eye (or part of it), whereas adults who develop strabismus normally do not suppress and therefore suffer from double vision . This also means that adults (and older children) have a higher risk of post-operative diplopia after undergoing strabismus surgery than young children.
Strabismus can occur due to problems with the muscles and nerves that control the eyes, as a side effect of an eye injury or other medical condition, or as a complication from significant far ...
In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin ...
Orthoptics emphasises the diagnosis and non-surgical management of strabismus (wandering eye), amblyopia (lazy eye), and eye movement disorders. [15] Evidence to support its use in amblyopia is unclear as of 2011. [16] Much of the practice of orthoptists concerns refraction and muscular eye control. [17]