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Muon g − 2 (pronounced "gee minus two") is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab to measure the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14 ppm, [1] which is a sensitive test of the Standard Model. [2] It might also provide evidence of the existence of new particles. [3] [4] [5]
The bottom quark, beauty quark, or b quark, is an elementary particle of the third generation.It is a heavy quark with a charge of − 1 / 3 e.. All quarks are described in a similar way by electroweak interaction and quantum chromodynamics, but the bottom quark has exceptionally low rates of transition to lower-mass quarks.
Like the North Magnetic Pole, the North Geomagnetic Pole attracts the north pole of a bar magnet and so is in a physical sense actually a magnetic south pole. It is the center of the 'open' magnetic field lines which connect to the interplanetary magnetic field and provide a direct route for the solar wind to reach the ionosphere.
This singularity is the Landau pole with a negative residue, g(Λ) ≈ −Λ Landau / (β 2 (Λ − Λ Landau)).. In fact, however, the growth of g 0 invalidates Eqs. 1, 2 in the region g 0 ≈ 1, since these were obtained for g 0 ≪ 1, so that the nonperturbative existence of the Landau pole becomes questionable.
The pole description is useful to practicing magneticians who design real-world magnets, but real magnets have a pole distribution more complex than a single north and south. Therefore, implementation of the pole idea is not simple. In some cases, one of the more complex formulas given below will be more useful.
The E821 Experiment reported the following average value [8] = (). In 2024, the Fermilab collaboration "Muon g−2" doubled the accuracy of this value over the group’s previous measurements from the 2018 data set. The data for the experiment were collected during the 2019–2020 runs.
B g is the gravitomagnetic field, with SI unit s −1; B is the magnetic field; ρ g is mass density, with SI unit kg⋅m −3; ρ is charge density; J g is mass current density or mass flux (J g = ρ g v ρ, where v ρ is the velocity of the mass flow), with SI unit kg⋅m −2 ⋅s −1; J is electric current density; G is the gravitational ...
A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein's concept of local realism.