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Designs on carvings depict tribal ancestors, and are often important for establishing iwi and hapu identity. [ 2 ] After European contact, many traditionally carved items were no longer widely produced in favour of using Western counterparts, such as waka huia treasure containers being replaced with lockable seaman's chests by the 1840s. [ 3 ]
The National Wood Carving school, Te Wānanga Whakairo Rākau o Aotearoa, was opened in 1967 and has since restored and built over 40 whare whakairo around New Zealand. The first Tumu (head) of the Carving school was the late renowned Tohunga Whakairo (Master Carver), Hone Taiapa .
Raharuhi Rukupō (c. 1800s – 29 September 1873), also known by his anglicised name Lazarus Rukupō, was a notable Māori tribal leader and carver of New Zealand. The New Zealand government described him as "one of the greatest tohunga whakairo (expert carvers) of the 19th century."
Also called a whare rūnanga ("meeting house") or whare whakairo (literally "carved house"), the present style of wharenui originated in the early to middle nineteenth century. The houses are often carved inside and out with stylized images of the iwi's (or tribe's) ancestors, with the style used for the carvings varying from tribe to tribe ...
Toi whakairo or just whakairo is the Māori traditional art of carving [98] in wood, stone or bone. Some surviving whakairo, or carvings, are over 500 years old. Wood carvings were used to decorate houses, fence-poles, containers, taiaha, tool handles, and other objects. Large-scale stone-face carvings were sometimes created.
It is generally built to represent the spiritual connection between the tribe and their ancestors and thus each poupou is carved with emblems of the tohunga whakairo’s (carver's) particular lineage. [1] The poupou may also be decorated with representations of the tribe's ancestral history, legends and migration stories to New Zealand. [2]
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Taiapa was born at Tikitiki on the East Coast in 1912, one of 14 children of Tāmati Taiapa and Maraea Te Iritawa. [2] [5] In the early 1930s he went to assist his brother Pine, who was a student of carving at a school of Māori arts and crafts that had been established at Ohinemutu in Rotorua in 1927. [6]