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Boltzmann constant: The Boltzmann constant, k, is one of seven fixed constants defining the International System of Units, the SI, with k = 1.380 649 x 10 −23 J K −1. The Boltzmann constant is a proportionality constant between the quantities temperature (with unit kelvin) and energy (with unit joule).
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
The temperature of stars other than the Sun can be approximated using a similar means by treating the emitted energy as a black body radiation. [27] So: = where L is the luminosity, σ is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant, R is the stellar radius and T is the effective temperature.
where p is the absolute pressure of the gas, n is the number density of the molecules (given by the ratio n = N/V, in contrast to the previous formulation in which n is the number of moles), T is the absolute temperature, and k B is the Boltzmann constant relating temperature and energy, given by:
Boltzmann's distribution is an exponential distribution. Boltzmann factor (vertical axis) as a function of temperature T for several energy differences ε i − ε j.. In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution [1]) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain ...
In statistical thermodynamics, thermodynamic beta, also known as coldness, [1] is the reciprocal of the thermodynamic temperature of a system: = (where T is the temperature and k B is Boltzmann constant).
This was done in 2017, when the triple point of water's temperature was 273.16 K by definition, and the Boltzmann constant was experimentally measurable. Because the acoustic gas thermometry reached 0.2 ppm in uncertainty, and Johnson noise 2.8 ppm, this fulfilled the preconditions for a redefinition.
k B is the Boltzmann constant; T is the absolute temperature . Note that the mobility μ = v d / F can be calculated based on the viscosity of the gas; Therefore, the Einstein–Smoluchowski equation also provides a relation between the mass diffusivity and the viscosity of the gas.