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Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen ; [ 1 ] [ 2 ] causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody.
Patients diagnosed with isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency frequently exhibit recurrent infections with common microorganisms as well as a higher incidence of autoimmune and allergy disorders. More than 80% of patients with isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency have recurrent infections as their presenting symptom.
Hyper IgM syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency disorders characterized by low or absent levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgE and normal or increased levels of serum IgM. [ 8 ] They are resulting from mutations in the pathway from B-cell activation to isotype class switching.
IgM nephropathy or immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is a kind of idiopathic glomerulonephritis that is marked by IgM diffuse deposits in the glomerular mesangium. [1] IgM nephropathy was initially documented in 1978 by two separate teams of researchers.
Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent infections, low or absent IgG, IgE, and IgA levels, and normal or elevated levels of IgM and IgD. [ 2 ] : 84
Each antibody binds to a specific antigen in a highly specific interaction analogous to a lock and key.. An antibody (Ab) or immunoglobulin (Ig) is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.
Five different hypergammaglobulinemias are caused by an excess of immunoglobulin M (IgM), and some types are caused by a deficiency in the other major types of immunoglobulins. Paraproteinemia or monoclonal gammopathy is the presence of excessive amounts of a single monoclonal gammaglobulin (called a paraprotein ) in the blood.
Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency, Selective IgE deficiency disease, IgG deficiency, and Isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency. Dysgammaglobulinemia is a type of immune disorder characterized by a reduction in some types of gamma globulins , resulting in heightened susceptibility to some infectious diseases where primary immunity is ...