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Cracks development occurs when early-age concrete is insufficiently protected against desiccation and too much water evaporates with heat because of unfavorable meteorological conditions: e.g, high temperature, direct solar insolation, dry air, low relative humidity, and high wind speed during summer, or in hot conditions. Curing is intended to ...
A solid ground floor consists of a layer of concrete, which in the case of a domestic building will be the surface layer brought up to ground floor level with hardcore filling under it. The advantage of a solid ground floor is the elimination of dry rot and other problems normally associated with hollow joisted floors.
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks. All concrete structures will crack to some extent, due to shrinkage and tension. Concrete which is subjected to long-duration forces is prone to creep. The density of concrete varies, but is around 2,400 kilograms per cubic metre (150 lb/cu ft). [1]
Calcium aluminates can form complex salts in combination with different types of anions.Two series of calcium aluminates are known in cement chemistry: AFm and AFt phases, being respectively mono- or tri-substituted with a given divalent anion X (e.g. SO 2− 4, CO 2− 3, or hosting a divalent impurity such as SeO 2− 4 [3]...), or with two units of a monovalent anion, e.g. OH −, Cl − ...
Concrete floors must accommodate shrinkage and expansion due to curing and changes in temperature. Curing times and temperatures for poured floors (concrete, lightweight toppings) must follow industry standards. Control and expansion joints and crack suppression techniques are required for all masonry type floors including; Tile; Slate ...
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The ground floor with a slab on grade has less temperature rise compared to middle and top floors, and an increase of the supply air temperature causes a decrease in the temperature rise. The temperature rise is not significantly affected by the perimeter zone orientation, the internal heat gain and the window-to-wall ratio. [ 16 ]
Some such triggers include medications, stress, a recent surgery, nerve damage, and even sudden changes in temperature. "Any trigger that affects the nervous system that controls the diaphragm can ...