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Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) [6] is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2.Consisting of a phenyl group (−C 6 H 5) attached to an amino group (−NH 2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.
Anilinium chloride is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH + 3 Cl −. A white solid, it is the chloride salt of anilinium, which is the conjugate acid of aniline, C 6 H 5 NH 2. Anilinium chloride is produced by treatment of aniline with hydrochloric acid. The cation consists of a phenyl ring attached to a tetrahedral ammonium center.
This Wikipedia page provides a comprehensive list of boiling and freezing points for various solvents.
A solvent will be more likely to promote ionization of a dissolved acidic molecule in the following circumstances: [35] It is a protic solvent, capable of forming hydrogen bonds. It has a high donor number, making it a strong Lewis base. It has a high dielectric constant (relative permittivity), making it a good solvent for ionic species.
Aniline is a benzenoid compound. The NH 2 group attached to the benzene ring means that there is a lone pair of electrons that can enter into conjugation with the benzene ring resulting in delocalization in the aniline. Aniline absorbs in the K (220 - 250 nm) and the B (250 - 290 nm) bands exhibited by benzenoid compounds.
A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules, and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. [2]
In chemistry, solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility , stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.
Aniline reacts with acyl chlorides or carboxylic anhydrides to give anilides. For example, reaction of aniline with acetyl chloride provides acetanilide ( CH 3 −CO−NH−C 6 H 5 ). At high temperatures, aniline and carboxylic acids react to give anilides.