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Endocervical brush sampling at the time of Pap smear to detect adenocarcinoma and its precursors is necessary along with doctor/patient vigilance on abdominal symptoms associated with uterine and ovarian carcinoma. The diagnosis of CIN or cervical carcinoma requires a biopsy for histological analysis. [citation needed]
High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL or HGSIL) indicates moderate or severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or carcinoma in situ. It is usually diagnosed following a Pap test. In some cases these lesions can lead to invasive cervical cancer, if not followed appropriately. [citation needed] HSIL does not mean that cancer is present.
The early stages of cervical cancer may be completely free of symptoms. [ 5 ] [ 31 ] Vaginal bleeding , contact bleeding (one most common form being bleeding after sexual intercourse), or (rarely) a vaginal mass may indicate the presence of malignancy.
Even though it was once thought to no longer occur past the age of 30, it is still seen in the 40s and 50s. Some of the main signs and symptoms for clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina are spotting between menstrual cycles, bleeding post-menopause, abnormal bleeding, and malignant pericardial effusion or cardiac tamponade. [4]
A cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix. [2] Such a pregnancy typically aborts within the first trimester , however, if it is implanted closer to the uterine cavity – a so-called cervico-isthmic pregnancy – it may continue longer. [ 3 ]
VAIN 3 is also known as carcinoma in-situ, or stage 0 vaginal cancer. [3] Infection with certain types of the human papillomavirus ("high-risk types") may be associated with up to 80% of cases of VAIN. [4] Vaccinating with HPV vaccine before initial sexual contact has been shown to reduce incidence of VAIN. [5]
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A precancerous condition is a condition, tumor or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer. [1] [2] [3] Clinically, precancerous conditions encompass a variety of abnormal tissues with an increased risk of developing into cancer.