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small-cell keratinizing squamous-cell carcinoma (code 8073/3) spindle-cell squamous-cell carcinoma (code 8074/3) It is also known as spindle-cell carcinoma, [23] and is a subtype characterized by spindle-shaped atypical cells. [24] adenoid/pseudoglandular squamous-cell carcinoma (code 8075/3) intraepidermal squamous-cell carcinoma (code 8081/3)
In 2015, squamous cell cancer of the head and neck region was the fifth most common cancer other than skin cancer, globally, with an annual incidence of 600,000 cases and about 60,000 cases annually in the United States and Europe. [218] The global incidence of pharyngeal cancer in 2013 was estimated at 136,000 cases.
The mortality rate of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma is around 0.3%, causing 2000 deaths per year in the US. In comparison, the mortality rate of melanoma is 15–20% and it causes 6500 deaths per year. [67]: 29, 31 Even though it is much less common, malignant melanoma is responsible for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. [68]
There is a risk of metastasis starting more than 10 years [citation needed] after diagnosable appearance of squamous-cell carcinoma, but the risk is low, [specify] though much [specify] higher than with basal-cell carcinoma. Squamous-cell cancers of the lip and ears have high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. [27]
Squamous-cell carcinoma is a cancer of the squamous cell, a kind of epithelial cell found in both the skin and mucous membranes. It accounts for over 90% of all head and neck cancers, [ 89 ] including more than 90% of throat cancer. [ 22 ]
The two main types (i.e. squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) have distinct sets of risk factors. [16] Squamous-cell carcinoma is linked to lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol. [19] Adenocarcinoma has been linked to effects of long-term acid reflux. [19] Tobacco is a risk factor for both types. [16]
Small cell lung cancer has a five-year survival rate of 4% according to Cancer Centers of America's Website. [5] The American Cancer Society reports 5-year relative survival rates of over 70% for women with stage 0-III breast cancer with a 5-year relative survival rate close to 100% for women with stage 0 or stage I breast cancer.
Squamous cells, a type of cell that lines hollow organs like the throat, mouth, lungs, and outer layer of skin, are particularly vulnerable when exposed to cigarette smoke. [ 5 ] Chewing tobacco can have the same effects as smoking and is also linked to hypopharyngeal cancer.
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