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Donald Knuth - The Art of Computer Programming; Ellen Ullman - Close to the Machine; Ellis Horowitz - Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms; Eric Raymond - The Art of Unix Programming; Gerald M. Weinberg - The Psychology of Computer Programming; James Gosling - The Java Programming Language; Joel Spolsky - The Best Software Writing I
[9]: xii Section 2.5 of ‘Fundamental Algorithms’ is on Dynamic Storage Allocation. Parts of this are used in the Burroughs approach to memory management. Knuth claims credit for “The “boundary-tag” method, introduced in Section 2.5, was designed by the author in 1962 for use in a control program for the B5000 computer.” [9]: 460
A human computer, with microscope and calculator, 1952. It was not until the mid-20th century that the word acquired its modern definition; according to the Oxford English Dictionary, the first known use of the word computer was in a different sense, in a 1613 book called The Yong Mans Gleanings by the English writer Richard Brathwait: "I haue [] read the truest computer of Times, and the best ...
SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
Computer Literature Survey: A Key to the Language of Computers. IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Misa, Thomas J. (2009). "Bibliography for History of Computing". Charles Babbage Institute; Pritchard, Alan (1969). A Guide to Computer Literature. Archon Books. Rojas, Raul (2001). Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History. Routledge.
Eventually, the concept of numbers became concrete and familiar enough for counting to arise, at times with sing-song mnemonics to teach sequences to others. All known human languages, except the Piraha language, have words for at least the numerals "one" and "two", and even some animals like the blackbird can distinguish a surprising number of items.
Stephen White's Computer history site (the above article is a modified version of his work, used with permission) Digital Deli, edited by Steve Ditlea, full text of the classic computer book; Collection of old analog and digital computers at Old Computer Museum; ZX81 Computer Online Museum; Yahoo Computers and History
The "brain" [computer] may one day come down to our level [of the common people] and help with our income-tax and book-keeping calculations. But this is speculation and there is no sign of it so far. — British newspaper The Star in a June 1949 news article about the EDSAC computer, long before the era of the personal computers.