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Bromoethane is inexpensive and would rarely be prepared in the laboratory. A laboratory synthesis includes reacting ethanol with a mixture of hydrobromic and sulfuric acids . An alternate route involves refluxing ethanol with phosphorus and bromine ; phosphorus tribromide is generated in situ .
The name S N 2 refers to the Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism: "S N" indicates that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution, and "2" that it proceeds via a bimolecular mechanism, which means both the reacting species are involved in the rate-determining step.
The reaction takes place through an S N 2 mechanism but is also often used in the description of S N i mechanisms. For example, ethanol can be converted into chloroethane (X=Cl) or bromoethane (X=Br) as follows: CH 3 CH 2 OH + SOX 2 CH 3 CH 2 X + SO 2 + HX
The Williamson ether synthesis is an organic reaction, forming an ether from an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol . This reaction was developed by Alexander Williamson in 1850. [ 2 ] Typically it involves the reaction of an alkoxide ion with a primary alkyl halide via an S N 2 reaction .
The Finkelstein reaction, named after the German chemist Hans Finkelstein, [1] is a type of S N 2 reaction (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular reaction) that involves the exchange of one halogen atom for another.
In chemistry, the haloform reaction (also referred to as the Lieben haloform reaction) is a chemical reaction in which a haloform (CHX 3, where X is a halogen) is produced by the exhaustive halogenation of an acetyl group (R−C(=O)CH 3, where R can be either a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or an aryl group), in the presence of a base.
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Here ethyl chloride reacts with potassium hydroxide, typically in a solvent such as ethanol, giving ethylene. Likewise, 1-chloropropane and 2-chloropropane give propene . Zaitsev's rule helps to predict regioselectivity for this reaction type.