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Arsphenamine, also known as Salvarsan or compound 606, is an antibiotic drug that was introduced at the beginning of the 1910s as the first effective treatment for the deadly infectious diseases syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis. [2] [3] This organoarsenic compound was the first modern antimicrobial agent. [4]
The diluted yellow Salvarsan treatment was difficult and painful to inject and it did not cure syphilis overnight. As it was an arsenic based compound, it was also toxic. Salvarsan would later be replaced by antibiotics such as penicillin.
Their discoveries were the result of the first organized team effort to optimize the biological activity of a lead compound through systematic chemical modifications. [1] This scheme is the basis for most modern pharmaceutical research. Both Salvarsan and Neosalvarsan are prodrugs – that is, they are metabolised into the active drug in the body.
The first-line treatment for uncomplicated syphilis (primary or secondary stages) remains a single dose of intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin. [68] The bacterium is highly vulnerable to penicillin when treated early, and a treated individual is typically rendered non-infective in about 24 hours. [ 69 ]
This was the first agent with a specific therapeutic effect to be created on the basis of theoretical considerations. Salvarsan proved to be amazingly effective, particularly when compared with the conventional therapy of mercury salts. Manufactured by Hoechst AG, Salvarsan became the most widely prescribed drug in the world.
UTIs are common infections typically caused by bacteria that reside in the urinary tract and usually lead to a handful of unpleasant symptoms, including pain or burning during urination, bloating ...
Therefore, Hata's and Ehrlich's work represents a turning point for experimental and therapeutic pharmacology and paved the way for the development of antibiotics decades later. [4] Salvarsan was established as the standard treatment for syphilis until it was replaced by the antibiotic penicillin after World War II, which has fewer adverse side ...
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