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Anthracite generally costs two to six times as much as regular coal. In June 2008, the wholesale cost of anthracite was US$150/short ton, [20] falling to $107/ton in 2021; it makes up 1% of U.S. coal production. [21] The principal use of anthracite today is for a domestic fuel in either hand-fired stoves or automatic stoker furnaces.
Fixed Carbon % Dry, mineral free Volatile Matter % Dry, mineral free Heating Value MJ/kg Moist, mineral free Anthracite: Meta Anthracite >98 <2 Anthracite: 92–98: 2–8 Semi Anthracite: 86–92: 8–14 Bituminous: Low Volatile: 78–86: 14–22 Medium Volatile: 69–78: 22–31 High Volatile A <69 >31 >32.6 High Volatile B 30.2–32.6 High ...
Carbon is a constituent (about 12% by mass) of the very large masses of carbonate rock (limestone, dolomite, marble, and others). Coal is very rich in carbon (anthracite contains 92–98%) [64] and is the largest commercial source of mineral carbon, accounting for 4,000 gigatonnes or 80% of fossil fuel. [65]
It is determined by how much of the carbon has condensed to an aromatic form from the heat and pressure of deep burial. [ 6 ] In the United States, bituminous coal is defined as agglomerating coal yielding at least 10,500 Btu /lb (24,400 kJ/kg) of energy on combustion (on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis), with a fixed carbon content less ...
The fuel value of coal varies in the same order. Some anthracite deposits contain pure carbon in the form of graphite. For bituminous coal, the elemental composition on a dry, ash-free basis of 84.4% carbon, 5.4% hydrogen, 6.7% oxygen, 1.7% nitrogen, and 1.8% sulfur, on a weight basis. [40]
Metallurgical coal is low in ash, moisture, sulfur and phosphorus content, and its rank is usually bituminous.Some grades of anthracite coal are used for sintering, pulverized coal injection, direct blast furnace charge, pelletizing, and in production of ferro-alloys, silicon-manganese, calcium-carbide and silicon-carbide.
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Smokeless fuels generally have a high calorific value, with that of anthracite being greater than dry wood for example, and many smokeless briquettes are made from this type of coal. Thus anthracite has a calorific value of 32.5 MJ/kg compared with that of dry wood of about 21 MJ/kg.