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Only a fraction of this potential has been harnessed so far, 1% at the beginning of the 21st century. In order to become the powerhouse of Africa, Ethiopia is actively exploiting its water resources by building dams, reservoirs, irrigation and diversion canals and hydropower stations. The benefits of the dams are not only limited to hydropower.
The major river in Ethiopia is the Blue Nile. However, most drinking water in Ethiopia comes from ground water, not rivers. Ethiopia has 12 river basins with an annual runoff volume of 122 billion m 3 of water and an estimated 2.6–6.5 billion m 3 of ground water potential.
The Awash basin is the most developed, utilized, abused, impacted, and most populous (over 15% or nearly 18.6 million out of 120 million) basin in Ethiopia. [6] Middle Awash is known for having both large- and small-scale irrigation, as well as agroindustry and sugar factories (Wenji, Methara, and Kesem Sugar factories). [8]
Since the early 1990s, Ethiopia has successfully countered Egyptian and Sudanese resistance to water development projects in Ethiopia to increase irrigation and hydroelectric potential. [14] Since May 2010, Ethiopia and the other upper riparian states have launched the Nile Basin Cooperative Framework Agreement in a bid to ensure an equitable ...
Productivity in Highland Ethiopia, 1900–1987," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 20:3, pp. 389–416. (Retrieved November 18, 2006 from JSTOR database) (Retrieved November 18, 2006 from JSTOR database)
The Alwero Dam, also known as the Abobo Dam, is a reservoir and irrigation system in the Abobo district of Gambela Region, in western Ethiopia.It was built in 1985 with Soviet Union aid, as part of a strategy by the Derg regime led by former Ethiopian President Mengistu Haile Mariam to increase resource spending on irrigation following the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia. [1]
The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (Amharic: የውሃ፣ መስኖና ኤሌትሪክ ሚኒስቴር) is an Ethiopian government department responsible for management of water resources, water supply and sanitation, irrigation and energy. It was established in 2010.
Climate change in Ethiopia is affecting the people in Ethiopia due to increased floods, heat waves and infectious diseases. [4] In the Awash basin in central Ethiopia floods and droughts are common. Agriculture in the basin is mainly rainfed (without irrigation systems). This applies to around 98% of total cropland as of 2012.