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Neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) is reduced ability or inability to control defecation due to deterioration of or injury to the nervous system, resulting in fecal incontinence or constipation. [1] It is common in people with spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS) or spina bifida .
While spinal cord injury is a broad and widely-encompassing term, root stimulators may be used for many instances of SCIs. [3] For example, certain cases of spinal cord injuries may sever key nerves necessary to maintain bladder and bowel control. The severance is often the cause of Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction. [9]
The fibers are carried by both the anterior and posterior vagal nerves. The myenteric plexus is the major nerve supply to the gastrointestinal tract and controls GI tract motility. [1] According to preclinical studies, 30% of myenteric plexus' neurons are enteric sensory neurons, thus Auerbach's plexus has also a sensory component. [2] [3]
Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]
Layers of the Alimentary Canal.The wall of the alimentary canal has four basic tissue layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The enteric nervous system in humans consists of some 500 million neurons [11] (including the various types of Dogiel cells), [1] [12] 0.5% of the number of neurons in the brain, five times as many as the one hundred million neurons in the human spinal ...
A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body. In the human body there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves, one on each side of the vertebral column. [1] [2] These are grouped into the corresponding cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions of the spine. [1]
If the condition is not diagnosed or treated, it can lead to chronic back pain, spinal arthritis, nerve damage, and trouble with bladder and bowel control. Dr. Beth Darnall, ...
The lateral cutaneous branch ("iliac branch") pierces the internal oblique muscles and the external oblique muscles immediately above the iliac crest. [4] It is distributed to the skin of the gluteal region, behind the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve; the size of this branch bears an inverse proportion to that of the lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve.