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  2. List of rock types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rock_types

    The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.

  3. Folk classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folk_classification

    Folk's carbonate rock classification details the relative proportions of allochems in the rock and the type of matrix. The classification scheme covers most common carbonate rocks, however the more inclusive although less precise alternative, Dunham classification, may be preferred in some instances. Folk classification consists of one or two ...

  4. Port des Canonge Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_des_Canonge_Formation

    The Port des Canonge Formation is an Early-Middle Permian-age geologic formation in the Mediterranean island of Mallorca.It consists of red to brown-colored sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and mudstone, and is located in what back then was the western peri-Tethys Ocean.

  5. Rock (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology)

    The use of rock has had a huge impact on the cultural and technological development of the human race. Rock has been used by humans and other hominids for at least 2.5 million years. [22] Lithic technology marks some of the oldest and continuously used technologies. The mining of rock for its metal content has been one of the most important ...

  6. Geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology

    Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]

  7. Glossary of geology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geology

    Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...

  8. Formation of rocks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_of_rocks

    Eventually the sediments will become so dense that they would essentially form a rock. This process is known as lithification. Igneous rocks have crystallised from a melt or magma. The melt is made up of various components of pre-existing rocks which have been subjected to melting either at subduction zones or within the Earth's mantle.

  9. Facies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facies

    A facies encompasses all the characteristics of a rock including its chemical, physical, and biological features that distinguish it from adjacent rock. [ 2 ] The term "facies" was introduced by the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly in 1838 and was part of his significant contribution to the foundations of modern stratigraphy , [ 3 ] which replaced ...