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During this period Mussolini considered himself an "authoritarian communist" [29] and a Marxist and he described Karl Marx as "the greatest of all theorists of socialism." [ 30 ] In 1913, he published Giovanni Hus, il veridico ( Jan Hus, true prophet ), a historical and political biography about the life and mission of the Czech ecclesiastic ...
Mussolini saw fascism as opposing socialism and other left-wing ideologies, writing in The Doctrine of Fascism: "If it is admitted that the nineteenth century has been the century of Socialism, Liberalism and Democracy, it does not follow that the twentieth must also be the century of Liberalism, Socialism and Democracy. Political doctrines ...
As such the Movement was based upon Confucianism, mixed with Christianity, nationalism and authoritarianism that have some similarities to fascism. [18] It rejected individualism and liberalism, while also opposing socialism and communism. There is debate among scholars on whether Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist regime was fascist.
The Mussolini government was the longest-serving government in the history of Italy. The Cabinet administered the country from 31 October 1922 to 25 July 1943, for a total of 7,572 days, or 20 years, 8 months and 25 days.
The Arditi formed a national organization in November 1918, the Associazione fra gli Arditi d'Italia, which by mid-1919 had about twenty thousand young men within it. [119] Mussolini appealed to the Arditi and the Fascists' squadristi, developed after the war, were based upon the Arditi. [119]
Benito Mussolini, who was the first to use the term for his political party in 1915, described fascism in The Doctrine of Fascism, published in 1932, as follows: [10] Granted that the 19th century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the 20th century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism ...
A key concept of the Mussolini essay was that fascism was a rejection of previous models: "Granted that the nineteenth century was the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy, this does not mean that the twentieth century must also be the century of socialism, liberalism, democracy. Political doctrines pass; nations remain.
The largest party were the Socialists, a situation that alarmed the conservatives and made them seek new political allies to block any potential socialist government. [26] Mussolini saw an opportunity to re-orient the Fasci towards an alliance with the traditional political right and decided to remain in politics. [26]