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According to the IAU's explicit count, there are eight planets in the Solar System; four terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) and four giant planets, which can be divided further into two gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and two ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). When excluding the Sun, the four giant planets account for more than ...
A star is a massive luminous spheroid astronomical object made of plasma that is held together by its own gravity.Stars exhibit great diversity in their properties (such as mass, volume, velocity, stage in stellar evolution, and distance from Earth) and some of the outliers are so disproportionate in comparison with the general population that they are considered extreme.
Average surface gravity; Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Lowest Highest Star: 1.4 g/cm 3. Sun [7] [8] 5778 K. Sun [9] [10] 274 m/s 2. Sun [11] Major planet: 0.7 g/cm 3 Saturn [12] [13] 5.51 g/cm 3 Earth [14] [15] 73 K Neptune [16] [17] [18] 733 K Venus [19] 3.70 m/s 2 Mercury [18] 23.1 m/s 2 Jupiter [18] Dwarf planet: 1.4 ±0.2 g/cm 3 Orcus [20 ...
The Eddington limit is based on light pressure from the core of an already-formed star: As mass increases past ~150 M ☉, the intensity of light radiated from a Population I star's core will become sufficient for the light-pressure pushing outward to exceed the gravitational force pulling inward, and the surface material of the star will be ...
The Sun is a G-type main-sequence star (G2V), informally called a yellow dwarf, though its light is actually white. It formed approximately 4.6 billion [ a ] years ago from the gravitational collapse of matter within a region of a large molecular cloud .
From there is it sent via the Sun to the god of Earth (Sanat Kumara), and finally through the seven Masters of the Seven Rays to the human race. [135] The midnight culmination of Sirius in the northern hemisphere coincides with the beginning of the New Year [134] of the Gregorian calendar during the decades around the year 2000.
This is the nearest red giant to the Earth, and the fourth brightest star in the night sky. Pollux (β Geminorum) 9.06 ± 0.03 [91] AD The nearest giant star to the Earth. Spica (α Virginis A) 7.47 ± 0.54 [97] One of the nearest supernova candidates and the sixteenth-brightest star in the night sky. Regulus (α Leonis A) 4.16 × 3.14 [98]
Each night the positions of the stars appear to change as the Earth rotates. However, when a star is located along the Earth's axis of rotation, it will remain in the same position and thus is called a pole star. The direction of the Earth's axis of rotation gradually changes over time in a process known as the precession of the equinoxes.