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The Kashmir Shaivism tradition, also called Trika Shaivism, is a non-dualist branch of Shaiva-Shakta Tantra Hinduism that originated in Kashmir after 850 CE. [1] [2] In its place of origin in Kashmir, this tradition is commonly referred to as "Kashmiri Shaivism."
A sculpture of Bhairava (the fearsome one). The Vijñāna-bhairava-tantra (VBT, sometimes spelled in a Hindicised way as Vigyan Bhairav Tantra) is a Shiva Tantra, of the Kaula Trika tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, possibly authored by Guru Keyūravatī. [1]
Tantrasāra ("Essence of Tantra") is a summarised version, in prose, of Tantrāloka, which was once more summarised in Tantroccaya, and finally presented in a very short summary form under the name of Tantravaṭadhānikā – the "Seed of Tantra". Pūrvapañcikā was a commentary of Pūrvatantra, alias Mālinīvijaya Tantra, lost to this day.
Tantrāloka was written in the 10th century and gained greater worldwide prominence towards the end of the 19th century with the publishing and distribution of the Kashmiri Series of Texts and Studies and prominence of Swami Lakshmanjoo, who taught the text and its oral tradition to scholars and seekers alike. [1]
Trika or Kashmiri Shaivism names the Absolute Reality (Para Brahman) as Bhairava. The Vijñāna Bhairava Tantra is a key Tantra text of the Trika System. Cast as a discourse between the god Bhairava and his consort Bhairavi it briefly presents 112 Tantric meditation methods or centering techniques . The text is a chapter from the Rudrayamala ...
Kashmiri School of Kaula. While Kaula is primarily an oral tradition and does not place a high value on the creation of texts, there are some texts associated with the tradition. Muller-Ortega, following Pandey, summarizes the literature of the Kashmiri school as follows: [67] Siddha-yogeśvarī-mata-tantra; Rudra-yāmala-tantra; Kulārṇava ...
With regard to the problem of how the world comes by, Utpaladeva rejects the Advaita Vedānta theory of eternal and independent ignorance (avidyā), [10] which affirms that brahman (the absolute consciousness) is being affected by avidyā (eternal ignorance) by superimposition, with a resulting enslavement of the inactive, subject consciousness to worldly life.
Netra Tantra (Tantra of [Lord of] Eye) is a Tantra text attributed to non-Saiddhantika Mantra margic sect of Shaivism produced between circa 700 - 850 CE in Kashmir. [1] It was commented on by the Kashmiri Saivite Pratyabhijñā philosopher Kshemaraja (c. 1000–1050) and it was connected with royalty and used in the courts by Śaiva officiants in the role of royal priest (Rājapurohita).