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R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization. It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9] The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data. R software is open-source and free software.
Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) [1] is a series of R packages and an environment for statistical computing with big data by using high-performance statistical computation. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The pbdR uses the same programming language as R with S3/S4 classes and methods which is used among statisticians and data miners for developing statistical ...
Compared to libraries in other programming languages, R packages must conform to a relatively strict specification. [3] The Writing R Extensions manual [7] specifies a standard directory structure for R source code, data, documentation, and package metadata, which enables them to be installed and loaded using R's in-built package management ...
R Commander (Rcmdr) is a GUI for the R programming language, licensed under the GNU General Public License, and developed and maintained by John Fox in the sociology department at McMaster University. [2] Rcmdr looks and works similarly to SPSS GUI by providing a menu of analytic and graphical methods. It also displays the underlying R code ...
In statistics, completeness is a property of a statistic computed on a sample dataset in relation to a parametric model of the dataset. It is opposed to the concept of an ancillary statistic . While an ancillary statistic contains no information about the model parameters, a complete statistic contains only information about the parameters, and ...
"A Short Preview of Free Statistical Software Packages for Teaching Statistics to Industrial Technology Majors" (PDF). Journal of Industrial Technology. 21 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 25, 2005.
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Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.