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Modern steel making in India began with the setting of first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works. The Ordnance Factory Board established Metal & Steel Factory (MSF) at Calcutta, in 1872 [ 71 ] [ 72 ] The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dorabji Tata in ...
The world's first iron pillar was the Iron Pillar of Delhi erected during the time of Chandragupta Vikramaditya (375–413). [17] The swords manufactured in Indian workshops are mentioned in the written works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (flourished 1154). [18] Indian Blades made of Damascus steel found their way into Persia. [19]
Recently discovered iron age sites in the south of India in Mayiladumparai may be the oldest iron-age sites in India, dated at 2172 BCE. [6] Previously known early iron age sites in South India are Hallur, Karnataka and Adichanallur, Tamil Nadu [7] at around 1000 BCE. [8] Mahurjhari near Nagpur was a large bead manufacturing site. [9]
Iron artifacts such as spikes, knives, daggers, arrow-heads, bowls, spoons, saucepans, axes, chisels, tongs, door fittings, etc., dated from 600 to 200 BC, have been discovered at several archaeological sites of India. [15] The Greek historian Herodotus wrote the first western account of the use of iron in India. [15]
Steel is an alloy composed of between 0.2 and 2.0 percent carbon, with the balance being iron. From prehistory through the creation of the blast furnace, iron was produced from iron ore as wrought iron, 99.82–100 percent Fe, and the process of making steel involved adding carbon to iron, usually in a serendipitous manner, in the forge, or via the cementation process.
New Delhi’s Iron Pillar has long fascinated scientists both at home and abroad. But it wasn’t until 2003 that experts cracked the metallurgical mystery behind this unusual attraction.
The Iron Rolling Mill (Eisenwalzwerk), 1870s, by Adolph Menzel. Casting at an iron foundry: From Fra Burmeister og Wain's Iron Foundry, 1885 by Peder Severin Krøyer An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.
Iron working – Iron works were developed in India, around the same time as, but independently of, Anatolia and the Caucasus. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila and Lahuradewa in present-day Uttar Pradesh show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE—1200 BCE. [112]