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Another example of this is the relationship between oleic acid and elaidic acid; oleic acid, the cis isomer, has a melting point of 13.4 °C, making it a liquid at room temperature, while the trans isomer, elaidic acid, has the much higher melting point of 43 °C, due to the straighter trans isomer being able to pack more tightly, and is solid ...
Traditionally, double bond stereochemistry was described as either cis (Latin, on this side) or trans (Latin, across), in reference to the relative position of substituents on either side of a double bond. A simple example of cis–trans isomerism is the 1,2-disubstituted ethenes, like the dichloroethene (C 2 H 2 Cl 2) isomers shown below. [7]
See: cis–trans isomerism. cis (left) and trans (right) configured double bond in maleic acid and fumaric acid. cis (left) and trans (right) isomerism in a ring system. The descriptors cis (lat. on this side of) [2] and trans (lat. over, beyond) [3] are used in various contexts for the description of chemical configurations: [4] [5]
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. [1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.
Bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum chloride is a metal phosphine complex with the formula PtCl 2 [P(C 6 H 5) 3] 2. Cis- and trans isomers are known. The cis isomer is a white crystalline powder, while the trans isomer is yellow. [3] Both isomers are square planar about the central platinum atom. The cis isomer is used primarily as a reagent for ...
With cycloheptene, the cis-isomer is always assumed but the trans-isomer does also exist. One procedure for the organic synthesis of trans-cycloheptene is by singlet photosensitization of cis-cycloheptene with methyl benzoate and ultraviolet light at −35 °C. [2] The double bond in the trans isomer is very strained. [3]
The methyl groups off carbons 1 and 3 are trans with respect to each other, while the methyl group off carbon 2 has undefined stereochemistry, allowing it to be either cis or trans with respect to methyl 1 or 3. [2] Each carbon atom within the cyclopentane ring is sp 3 hybridized with the theoretical C-C-C bond angles near 108 degrees.
Assignment of E and Z isomerism based on group priority. Diastereomers are distinct molecular configurations that are a broader category. [3] They usually differ in physical characteristics as well as chemical properties. If two molecules with more than one chiral centre differ in one or more (but not all) centres, they are diastereomers.