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Linear programming (LP), also called linear optimization, is a method to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a mathematical model whose requirements and objective are represented by linear relationships. Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization).
In the study of algorithms, an LP-type problem (also called a generalized linear program) is an optimization problem that shares certain properties with low-dimensional linear programs and that may be solved by similar algorithms.
However, we can solve it without the integrality constraints (i.e., drop the last constraint), using standard methods for solving continuous linear programs. While this formulation allows also fractional variable values, in this special case, the LP always has an optimal solution where the variables take integer values.
The storage and computation overhead is such that the standard simplex method is a prohibitively expensive approach to solving large linear programming problems. In each simplex iteration, the only data required are the first row of the tableau, the (pivotal) column of the tableau corresponding to the entering variable and the right-hand-side.
Design optimization applies the methods of mathematical optimization to design problem formulations and it is sometimes used interchangeably with the term engineering optimization. When the objective function f is a vector rather than a scalar, the problem becomes a multi-objective optimization one.
In mathematical optimization, the revised simplex method is a variant of George Dantzig's simplex method for linear programming.. The revised simplex method is mathematically equivalent to the standard simplex method but differs in implementation.
The process begins by considering a subproblem in which no variable values have been assigned, and in which V 0 is the whole set of variables of the original problem. Then, for each subproblem i, it performs the following steps. Compute the optimal solution to the linear programming relaxation of the current subproblem.
Suppose we have the linear program: Maximize c T x subject to Ax ≤ b, x ≥ 0.. We would like to construct an upper bound on the solution. So we create a linear combination of the constraints, with positive coefficients, such that the coefficients of x in the constraints are at least c T.