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Phage therapy, viral phage therapy, or phagotherapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This therapeutic approach emerged at the beginning of the 20th century but was progressively replaced by the use of antibiotics in most parts of the world after the Second World War .
Once the cell is lysed, the bacteriophage is able to release progeny virions into the environment which in turn infect more bacterial cells. [5] In addition to degrading bacterial cell walls from within, endolysins are effective when applied externally and can lyse Gram-positive bacteria that lack an outer cell membrane . [ 6 ]
This problem prompted researchers to look towards other possible regulators of bacterial growth, like Autographiviridae bacteriophages. [5] This type of treatment is referred to as phage therapy. Phage therapy is effective against drug-resistant bacteria because bacteriophages are naturally inclined to infect and kill specific bacteria. [7]
Mycobacteriophage Bxb1 Structure [1]. A mycobacteriophage is a member of a group of bacteriophages known to have mycobacteria as host bacterial species. While originally isolated from the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, [2] the causative agent of tuberculosis, more than 4,200 mycobacteriophage species have since been isolated from various environmental ...
Presently, phage therapy for humans is available only at the Phage Therapy Center in the Republic of Georgia and in Poland. [56] However, on January 2, 2007, the United States FDA gave Omnilytics approval to apply its E. coli O157:H7 killing phage in a mist, spray or wash on live animals that will be slaughtered for human consumption. [ 57 ]
Since bacteria become resistant against a single phage, d'Herelle suggested using "phage cocktails" containing different phage strains. Phage therapy soon became a boom, and a great hope in medicine. In 1924, 25 January, d'Hérelle received the honorary doctorate of the University of Leiden , [ 14 ] as well as the Leeuwenhoek medal , which is ...
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Phage therapy is a technique that was discovered before antibiotics, but fell to the wayside as antibiotics became predominate. It is now being considered as a potential solution to increasing antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophages, viruses that only infect bacteria, can specifically target the bacteria of interest and inject their genome ...