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The first telegram. Professor Samuel Morse sending the dispatch as dictated by Miss Annie Ellsworth. The Baltimore–Washington telegraph line was the first long-distance telegraph system set up to run overland in the United States. [1] [2] [3]
Sept 1837: Samuel Morse files for a patent for his electrical telegraph in the United States. [1] 6 Jan 1838: Samuel Morse sends his first public demonstration message over two miles of wire at Speedwell Ironworks in New Jersey. Morse also demonstrates his invention to the Franklin Institute and President Martin Van Buren in early 1838. [1]
The idea of using the telegraph to transmit a time signal for longitude determination was suggested by François Arago to Samuel Morse in 1837, [82] and the first test of this idea was made by Capt. Wilkes of the U.S. Navy in 1844, over Morse's line between Washington and Baltimore. [83]
Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American inventor and painter. After establishing his reputation as a portrait painter, Morse, in his middle age, contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs.
However, the Democrats in power were hostile to federal spending. In 1837, Morse obtained funding from Congress to build a telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore, a distance of about forty miles. He spent seven years perfecting the system. Finally on May 24, 1844, he sent the first message, "What hath God wrought."
Samuel Morse's first "What hath God Wrought?" telegraph message, sent May 24, 1844 (American Morse recorded on a paper tape) Circa 1910 recording of an American Morse radio transmission; Morse Telegraph Club, Inc. The Dot and Line Alphabet, a sketch from Edward Everett Hale about (American) Morse code, first published 1858
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The first practical telegraph system in the United States was put into operation by Samuel F. B. Morse and Alfred Vail between Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, DC, in 1844. By 1846, telegraph lines extended along the entire eastern seaboard and were rapidly being built westward into the interior of the country.