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Synanceia verrucosa, the reef stonefish or simply stonefish, is a species of venomous, marine ray-finned fish, belonging to the subfamily Synanceiinae which is classified as being within the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes and their relatives.
Synanceia nana (Eschmeyer & Rama Rao, 1973) Red Sea stonefish: Red Sea and Persian Gulf Synanceia platyrhyncha (Bleeker, 1874) Indonesia Synanceia verrucosa (Bloch and J. G. Schneider, 1801) Reef stonefish: Red Sea and Indo-Pacific Synanceia quinque Matsunuma, Manjaji‑Matsumoto & Motomura, 2021: Indonesia
These Red Sea fish are listed as Reef-associated by Fishbase: . Acanthuridae. Acanthurus gahhm, Black surgeonfish; Acanthurus mata, Elongate surgeonfish; Acanthurus nigrofuscus, Brown surgeonfish
Synanceiinae, or the family Synanceiidae, was first named and recognised as a grouping of related taxa by the English naturalist William Swainson in 1839. [1] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World treats this grouping as a subfamily within the family Scorpaenidae, dividing the subfamily into the three tribes: Minoini, Choridactylini and Synanceiini. [3]
The most venomous known fish is the reef stonefish. [8] [9] It has a remarkable ability to camouflage itself amongst rocks. It is an ambush predator that sits on the bottom waiting for prey to approach. Instead of swimming away if disturbed, it erects 13 venomous spines along its back. For defense it can shoot venom from each or all of these ...
Verrucotoxin (VTX) is a lethal venom produced by the dorsal fins of Synanceia verrucosa. This species of reef stonefish is connected to the family Synanceiidae. The venom of this species of stonefish is a tetrameric glycoprotein with cardiovascular and cytolytic effects. [1]
List of reef fish of the Red Sea; ... Synanceia nana; Synanceia verrucosa; Syngnathus macrophthalmus; Syngnathus safina; T. Tawny nurse shark; Tentacled flathead;
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Coral Sea as follows: [1]. On the North. The South coast of New Guinea from the entrance to the Bensbak River (141°01'E) to Gado-Gadoa Island near its Southeastern extreme (), down this meridian to the 100 fathom line and thence along the Southern edges of Uluma (Suckling) Reef and those extending to the Eastward as far as ...