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As of 2020, the disease was threatening olive groves and oil production in Italy, Greece, and Spain, which together account for 95% of European oil production. [4] [5] One 2020 model predicts a potential economic impact of the disease for Italy over 50 years between 1.9 billion to 5.6 billion Euros. [4]
The olive tree and olive oil are mentioned seven times in the Quran, [71] and the olive is praised as a precious fruit. Olive tree and olive oil health benefits have been propounded in prophetic medicine. Muhammad is reported to have said: "Take oil of olive and massage with it – it is a blessed tree" (Sunan al-Darimi, 69:103).
Spilocaea oleaginea is a deuteromycete fungal plant pathogen, the cause of the disease olive peacock spot, also known as olive leaf spot and bird's eye spot. This plant disease commonly affects the leaves of olive trees worldwide. The disease affects trees throughout the growing season and can cause significant losses in yield.
Among the olive cultivars used for pollination are the Picholine, Corniale and Grossane. [1] It is vulnerable to certain biological pests, in particular the Bactrocera oleae (Olive fruit fly), Prays oleae and Saissetia oleae. [8] It is also sensitive to soil salinity, but has a high resistance to cold. [9]
Preventive treatments with baits have the advantage of requiring lower costs and have less environmental impact, also of preventing adult egg-laying and blocking the infestations directly. Generally, they are applied to only 50% of the canopy of plants, preferably facing south, with a diameter of 50–60 cm, with limited use of water.
Along the southern coast, low forests dominated by the endemic wild olive tree (Olea europaea subsp. cerasiformis) and the shrubs Maytenus umbellata, Chamaemeles coriacea (a Madeiran endemic), Dracaena draco, and Asparagus scoparius survive in coastal ravines up to 200 metres (660 ft) elevation.
The Saint Helena olive was native to the cloud forest found in the upland areas of the island above 750 metres, with many historical records around Diana's Peak (the highest point on the island). [2] It grew as a small, low growing spreading tree with prolific branching. The bark was dark brown to black.
Olea (/ ˈ oʊ l i ə / OH-lee-ə [3]) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.It includes 12 species native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Middle East, southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia, and Australasia. [2]