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  2. Heat sink - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_sink

    Heat transfer by radiation is a function of both the heat-sink temperature and the temperature of the surroundings that the heat sink is optically coupled with. When both of these temperatures are on the order of 0 °C to 100 °C, the contribution of radiation compared to convection is generally small, and this factor is often neglected.

  3. Heat equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_equation

    The behavior of temperature when the sides of a 1D rod are at fixed temperatures (in this case, 0.8 and 0 with initial Gaussian distribution). The temperature approaches a linear function because that is the stable solution of the equation: wherever temperature has a nonzero second spatial derivative, the time derivative is nonzero as well.

  4. Second law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_law_of_thermodynamics

    In addition, a reversible heat engine operating between temperatures T 1 and T 3 must have the same efficiency as one consisting of two cycles, one between T 1 and another (intermediate) temperature T 2, and the second between T 2 and T 3, where T 1 > T 2 > T 3.

  5. Newton's law of cooling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_cooling

    The opposite is also true: A Biot number greater than 0.1 (a "thermally thick" substance) indicates that one cannot make this assumption, and more complicated heat transfer equations for "transient heat conduction" will be required to describe the time-varying and non-spatially-uniform temperature field within the material body.

  6. Thermodynamic temperature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_temperature

    Thermodynamic temperature is a quantity defined in thermodynamics as distinct from kinetic theory or statistical mechanics.. Historically, thermodynamic temperature was defined by Lord Kelvin in terms of a macroscopic relation between thermodynamic work and heat transfer as defined in thermodynamics, but the kelvin was redefined by international agreement in 2019 in terms of phenomena that are ...

  7. Heat capacity rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_capacity_rate

    A hot fluid's heat capacity rate can be much greater than, equal to, or much less than the heat capacity rate of the same fluid when cold. In practice, it is most important in specifying heat-exchanger systems, wherein one fluid usually of dissimilar nature is used to cool another fluid such as the hot gases or steam cooled in a power plant by a heat sink from a water source—a case of ...

  8. Fin (extended surface) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin_(extended_surface)

    In the study of heat transfer, fins are surfaces that extend from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction , convection , or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers.

  9. Entropy (classical thermodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_(classical...

    Figure 1. A thermodynamic model system. Differences in pressure, density, and temperature of a thermodynamic system tend to equalize over time. For example, in a room containing a glass of melting ice, the difference in temperature between the warm room and the cold glass of ice and water is equalized by energy flowing as heat from the room to the cooler ice and water mixture.