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U.S. Pretrial Services came along more than 50 years later, in 1982, with the Pretrial Services Act of 1982. It was developed as a means to reduce both crimes committed by persons released into the community pending trial and unnecessary pretrial detention. Twenty three districts have both separate U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services Offices.
Probation and supervised release are both administered by the U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System. Federal probation has existed since 1909, while supervised release has only existed since 1987, when it replaced federal parole as a means for imposing supervision following release from prison.
In most jurisdictions pretrial services programs operate at the county level. Six US states (Kentucky, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, and Colorado) operate and fund pretrial services programs at the state level. The US federal courts system operates pretrial services in all 94 federal districts.
Pretrial release is one piece of the larger Iowa Community-Based Corrections program — which also supervises convicted Iowans on probation or parole — with an overarching goal of serving as an ...
It analyzes legislation from Congress that will affect the courts' operations or personnel, and it interprets and applies the new laws. It also provides administrative help to members of the courts in the form of clerks, probation and pretrial services officers, court reporters, and public defenders.
The U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System conducts pre-sentence investigations to aid judges in determining appropriate sentences.
Some jurisdictions operate probation services on a county level and officers are commonly employed by district, municipal, circuit courts, or by a sheriff's department. [35] This includes both adult and juvenile probation services. [36] These is commonly referred to as "pre-trial services".
Warren's case raises questions about how effectively the Probation Department is supervising pretrial defendants at a time when judges increasingly turn to GPS tracking as an alternative to jail.