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Power outages are categorized into three different phenomena, relating to the duration and effect of the outage: A transient fault is a loss of power typically caused by a fault on a power line, e.g. a short circuit or flashover. Power is automatically restored once the fault is cleared. A brownout is a drop in voltage in an electrical power ...
A switched-mode power supply will be affected if the brownout voltage is lower than the minimum input voltage of the power supply. As the input voltage falls, the current draw will increase to maintain the same output voltage and current, until such a point that the power supply malfunctions or its under-voltage protection kicks in and disables ...
A power outage (also called a power cut, a power out, a power blackout, power failure or a blackout) is a loss of the electric power to a particular area. Power failures can be caused by faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit , cascading failure ...
A room during load shedding at night in West Bengal, India. A rolling blackout, also referred to as rota or rotational load shedding, rota disconnection, feeder rotation, or a rotating outage, is an intentionally engineered electrical power shutdown in which electricity delivery is stopped for non-overlapping periods of time over different parts of the distribution region.
The System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) [1] is commonly used as a reliability index by electric power utilities. SAIDI is the average cumulative outage duration for each customer served, and is calculated as:
In power systems, protective devices can detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers and other devices to limit the loss of service due to a failure. In a polyphase system , a fault may affect all phases equally, which is a "symmetric fault".
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Forced outage rate (FOR or FOAR) of a power station unit is the probability that the unit will not be available for service when required.. FOR is defined as the number of hours the unit is on forced outage over the total number of hours in a year (which is the sum of hours the power station is available for service and hours the power station is in forced outage).