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Mao Zedong [a] (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) and led the country from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
The Three-anti Campaign (1951) and Five-anti Campaign (1952) (Chinese: 三反五反; pinyin: sān fǎn wǔ fǎn) were reform movements originally issued by Mao Zedong a few years after the founding of the People's Republic of China in an effort to rid Chinese cities of corruption and enemies of the state.
Zhou Lingzhao was commissioned to paint the portrait of Mao Zedong at Tiananmen Square for the proclamation of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. His portrait of Mao was replaced in May 1950 by a portrait made by Xi Mang. From 1950 to 1957, the portrait of Mao was modeled after Zhang Zhenshi's (1914–1992) depiction of Mao. [9 ...
The Politics of China: The Eras of Mao and Deng. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Thomas, Mullaney. Coming to Terms with the Nation: Ethnic Classification in Modern China. California: University of California Press, 2010. Walker, Kenneth R. "Collectivisation in Retrospect: The 'Socialist High Tide' of Autumn 1955-Spring 1956".
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, [a] is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.
[4] [8] [10] [11] According to China's official statistics published during the "Boluan Fanzheng" period, the campaign resulted in the political persecution of at least 550,000 people. [ 6 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Some researchers believe that the actual number of persecuted is between 1 and 2 million or even higher.
Loans to China were suspended by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and foreign governments; [299] China's credit rating was lowered; [298] tourism revenue decreased from US$2.2 billion to US$1.8 billion; and foreign direct investment commitments were canceled. However, there was a rise in government defence spending from 8.6% in 1986, to ...
The thinking was that in order to be a consumer society, China would need to be a producing society. In December 1978 at the 3rd plenary session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party , Deng Xiaoping announced the official launch of the Four Modernizations, formally marking the beginning of the reform.