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  2. Uremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uremia

    Uremia is the condition of having high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine.It can be defined as an excess in the blood of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, which would normally be excreted in the urine.

  3. Azotemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotemia

    A decrease in volume or pressure is a non-osmotic stimulus for antidiuretic hormone production in the hypothalamus, which exerts its effect in the medullary collecting duct for water reabsorption. Through unknown mechanisms, activation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to enhanced proximal tubular reabsorption of salt and water, as well ...

  4. Hyperuricemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperuricemia

    Hyperuricaemia or hyperuricemia is an abnormally high level of uric acid in the blood.In the pH conditions of body fluid, uric acid exists largely as urate, the ion form. [1] [2] Serum uric acid concentrations greater than 6 mg/dL for females, 7 mg/dL for males, and 5.5 mg/dL for youth (under 18 years old) are defined as hyperuricemia. [3]

  5. Urine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine

    The kidneys extract the soluble wastes from the bloodstream, as well as excess water, sugars, and a variety of other compounds. The resulting urine contains high concentrations of urea and other substances, including toxins. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureter, bladder, and finally the urethra before passing through the urinary meatus.

  6. Nephritic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

    Infective endocarditis - Infection that affects the inner lining of the heart (endocardium) and can potentially cause a thrombus to form on one or more heart valves and, if left untreated, can cause septic emboli that can have many systemic effects, including deposition into the glomerulus, causing glomerulonephritis and nephritic syndrome. [25]

  7. Diuresis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diuresis

    The substances cause an increase in the osmotic pressure within the tubule, causing retention of water within the lumen, and thus reduces the reabsorption of water, increasing urine output (i.e., diuresis). The same effect can be seen in therapeutics such as mannitol, which is used to increase urine output and decrease extracellular fluid volume.

  8. Ureaplasma urealyticum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureaplasma_urealyticum

    Ureaplasma urealyticum can cause urethritis and may cause bacterial vaginosis. [9] Infection can occur in extragenital sites. [3] A common symptom associated with these infections is the "fishy" smell that is created due to the production of ammonia by the hydrolysis of urea. Patients should confirm diagnosis with a doctor.

  9. Proteinuria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria

    The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and in any person with proteinuria and diabetes, the cause of the underlying proteinuria should be separated into two categories: diabetic proteinuria versus the field. [citation needed] With severe proteinuria, general hypoproteinemia can develop which results in diminished oncotic pressure.

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