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A century later Gibbs [3] proposed a modification to Young's equation to account for the volumetric dependence of the contact angle. Gibbs postulated the existence of a line tension, which acts at the three-phase boundary and accounts for the excess energy at the confluence of the solid-liquid-gas phase interface, and is given as:
In physics, the Young–Laplace equation (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /) is an algebraic equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although use of the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.
Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity. Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. [4] The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy, which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to ...
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface. Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to ...
The Laplace pressure is the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a curved surface that forms the boundary between two fluid regions. [1] The pressure difference is caused by the surface tension of the interface between liquid and gas, or between two immiscible liquids.
Surface tension – Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area; Tribology – Science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion; Unilateral contact – Mechanical constraint which prevents penetration between two bodies; Wetting – Ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface
The Young–Dupré equation (Thomas Young 1805; Anthanase Dupré and Paul Dupré 1869) dictates that neither γ SG nor γ SL can be larger than the sum of the other two surface energies. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] The consequence of this restriction is the prediction of complete wetting when γ SG > γ SL + γ LG and zero wetting when γ SL > γ SG + γ LG .
The Young–Dupré equation (Thomas Young 1805, Lewis Dupré 1855) dictates that neither γ SG nor γ SL can be larger than the sum of the other two surface energies. The consequence of this restriction is the prediction of complete wetting when γ SG > γ SL + γ LG and zero wetting when γ SL > γ SG + γ LG .