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The ring metacarpal is somewhat more mobile while the fifth metacarpal is semi-independent. [1] Each metacarpal bone consists of a body or shaft, and two extremities: the head at the distal or digital end (near the fingers), and the base at the proximal or carpal end (close to the wrist).
The metacarpals are the long bones of the hand, forming the palm. ... The transverse nuchal crest is a ridge at the back of the skull found in many theropods.
The first metacarpal bone is short and thick with a shaft thicker and broader than those of the other metacarpal bones. Its narrow shaft connects its widened base and rounded head; the former consisting of a thick cortical bone surrounding the open medullary canal; the latter two consisting of cancellous bone surrounded by a thin cortical shell.
The metacarpal bone of the index finger has two centres of ossification: a primary centre in the shaft and a secondary centre in the head. This contrasts to the first metacarpal bone where the secondary centre is found in the base. The ossification process begins in the shaft during prenatal life, and in the head between 11th and 22nd months. [4]
Less neotenized skull than of a majority of modern humans [7] Low, elongated skull with flat lambdoid region; Broad cranial vault with "en bombe" parietal morphology; A flat basicranium [15] [16] [17] Supraorbital ridge, a prominent, trabecular (spongy) brow ridge; 1,500–1,740 cm 3 (92–106 cu in) cranial capacity (modern human: 1425 cm 3)
The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. [1] These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. [1]
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In addition, metacarpal I is the largest in the manus and no distal condyles. The rest of the metacarpals are hourglass shaped and have expanded proximal and distal ends. Metacarpal II has a subtriangular proximal end and weakly separated distal condyles. As in other ankylosaurs, metacarpal III is the most robust and longest metacarpal in the ...