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However, the mature microRNA found from one arm of the hairpin is usually much more abundant than that found from the other arm, [2] in which case, an asterisk following the name indicates the mature species found at low levels from the opposite arm of a hairpin. For example, miR-124 and miR-124* share a pre-miRNA hairpin, but much more miR-124 ...
The lethal-7 (let-7) gene was first discovered in the nematode C. elegans as a key developmental regulator and became one of the first two known microRNAs (the other one is lin-4). [8] Soon, let-7 was found in the fruit fly (Drosophila), and identified as the first known human miRNA by a BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) research. [9]
miR-30 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression.Animal microRNAs are transcribed as pri-miRNA (primary miRNA) of varying length which in turns are processed in the nucleus by Drosha into ~70 nucleotide stem-loop precursor called pre-miRNA (precursor miRNA) and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme to give a mature ~22 nucleotide product.
The miR-29 microRNA precursor, or pre-miRNA, is a small RNA molecule in the shape of a stem-loop or hairpin.Each arm of the hairpin can be processed into one member of a closely related family of short non-coding RNAs that are involved in regulating gene expression. [1]
Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DICER1 gene.Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA and microRNA, respectively.
The mir-10 genes are found within the Hox gene clusters. In mammals there are four Hox gene clusters, these contain five genes encoding miRNAs (mir-10a, mir-10b, mir-196a-1, mir-196a-2 and mir-196b). The mir-10a gene is located upstream of Hoxb4 and the mir-10b gene is located upstream of Hoxd4. [9]
Drosha is a Class 2 ribonuclease III enzyme [5] that in humans is encoded by the DROSHA (formerly RNASEN) gene. [6] [7] [8] It is the primary nuclease that executes the initiation step of miRNA processing in the nucleus. It works closely with DGCR8 and in correlation with Dicer. It has been found significant in clinical knowledge for cancer ...
Exportin-5 (XPO5) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XPO5 gene. [5] [6] [7] In eukaryotic cells, the primary purpose of XPO5 is to export pre-microRNA (also known as pre-miRNA) out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, for further processing by the Dicer enzyme.