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This activity enabled those climate models, outside the major modeling centers to perform research of relevance to climate scientists preparing the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC-AR4). For the CMIP3 a list of 20 different experiments were proposed, [ 3 ] and the PCMDI kept the documentation of all the global climate model involved. [ 4 ]
An atmospheric reanalysis (also: meteorological reanalysis and climate reanalysis) is a meteorological and climate data assimilation project which aims to assimilate historical atmospheric observational data spanning an extended period, using a single consistent assimilation (or "analysis") scheme throughout.
Notice the zones without data in the East and Southwest caused by radar beam blocking from mountains. (Source: Environment Canada) Rainfall forecasts can be verified a number of ways. Rain gauge observations can be gridded into areal averages, which are then compared to the grids for the forecast models.
The E–OBS daily gridded dataset is a European land-only, high-resolution gridded observational dataset produced using the ECA&D blended daily station data. The dataset covers the area 25–75N x 40W–75E and comes in two grid flavours with two resolutions: a 0.22° and 0.44° rotated grid (North Pole at 39.25N, 162W) and a 0.25° and 0.50 ...
For frozen precipitation, a trace can indicate a very light accumulation, or it can indicate a larger amount of snowfall, ice pellets (called "sleet" in the United States), or other frozen precipitation that is continuously melting as it hits the ground. [2] A trace of snow is sometimes referred to as a "dusting". [3]
However, understanding tropical precipitation is important for weather and climate prediction, as this precipitation contains three-fourths of the energy that drives atmospheric wind circulation. [3] Prior to TRMM, the distribution of rainfall worldwide was known to only a 50% of certainty. [4] The concept for TRMM was first proposed in 1984.
The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.25 metres (4.1 ft) to 2.00 metres (6.6 ft) above the ground, [5] and shielded from direct sunlight intensity (hence the term x degrees "in the shade"). [6]
Environment Canada reports a chance of precipitation (COP) that is defined as "The chance that measurable precipitation (0.2 mm of rain or 0.2 cm of snow) will fall on any random point of the forecast region during the forecast period." [7] The values are rounded to 10% increments, but are never rounded to 50%. [8]